Determination Of Active Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Medicine And Their Antioxidant Effects

Since the first discovery of free radicals by Gomberg [11], the research on free radical chemistry and biology has made continuous progress, and the role of free radicals in the life process has been paid more and more attention. Free radicals are often atoms, molecules or ions with unpaired electrons, and have three obvious characteristics: one is that most free radicals are extremely active and have high reactivity, the other is paramagnetic, and the third is life. short. Free radicals have very important biological functions and are involved in the modulation and expression of certain genes and the regulation of cell functions, the biosynthesis of some substances, various enzymatic reactions, signal transduction, and in vivo defense mechanisms such as killing and killing tumor cells and invading microorganisms. Physiological regulation, etc.; on the other hand, it has certain pathobiological effects, such as DNA damage, biofilm oxidative damage, nerve damage, etc. Free radicals are also associated with circulatory system diseases such as aging, atherosclerosis, myocardial damage, and hypertension. , lung disease, digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer, neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, shock, multiple organ insufficiency and tumors are related to many diseases.

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Under normal physiological conditions, free radicals can be spontaneously generated in the body through enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions, such as free radicals such as reactive oxygen species. Since some physiological functions or biochemical reactions require the participation of free radicals, the body also needs to Maintain a beneficial, harmless, physiologically low level, and stable equilibrium free radical concentration through the generation and elimination of free radicals. However, when the generation and elimination of free radicals are out of balance, it will cause damage to the body. The damage of free radicals to biological macromolecules is mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. The damage of free radicals to DNA. All nucleic acid components can be attacked by free radicals due to damage such as bond breakage, base degradation, and backbone breakage. When this reaction causes permanent damage, the milder ones will cause changes in the biological activity of cells, and the severe ones will cause gene mutations. , carcinogenesis and cell death;

2 The damage of free radicals to proteins'51, the main effect of free radicals on proteins is to modify amino acid residues, causing structural and conformational changes, resulting in peptide chain scission, polymerization and cross-linking and denaturation and inactivation of enzymes. 3. Free radicals damage cell membranes. Free radicals have a special affinity for unsaturated covalent bonds. Free radicals in the body are most likely to attack unsaturated fatty acids in biological membrane phospholipids, triggering membrane lipid peroxidation. 4 The damage of free radicals to other biological macromolecules, reactive oxygen species can not only damage biological membranes, proteins and nucleic acids, but also react with substances such as sugars and hyaluronic acid. The self-oxidation of monosaccharides can promote protein cross-linking and cause protein Polymerization and thickening of the basement membrane. In recent years, it is believed that free radical damage to hyaluronic acid is one of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

In recent years, studies have shown that antioxidants can effectively scavenge free radicals, maintain the dynamic balance of free radicals in the body, prevent damage to DNA, proteins and cells, and are of great significance for protecting the structural stability of DNA and proteins and maintaining normal cell metabolism.

Halliwell and GutteridgeH define antioxidants (AntioxidallD) as any substance that can significantly delay or inhibit the oxidation of the substance at a much lower concentration than the oxidizable substance. Oxidants can be divided into preventive antioxidants and chain-breaking antioxidants according to their functions. Preventative antioxidants remove or modify aggressive harmful substances (including oxidative substances, active free radicals) , substances that mediate peroxidation (such as metal ions, peroxides, etc.), to convert them into less harmful substances to prevent the formation of free radical chain reactions and further damage. Extends the action of free radicals (including peroxy radicals and possibly alkoxy radicals); interrupts free radical reactions.

Once the radical chain reaction is formed, it can only be removed by chain scission antioxidants.

With the in-depth research on antioxidants, their safety has been paid more and more attention. Synthetic antioxidants are increasingly rejected due to their potential toxicity and carcinogenic effects, while natural antioxidants have low toxicity and high safety. Oxidants also have the function of nourishing and improving the immunity of the body. In the upsurge of nature, nutrition and returning to nature, people are more and more inclined to use natural antioxidants. After thousands of years of medical practice, traditional Chinese medicine has shown its unique role in anti-aging, disease prevention, and physical strengthening. Monomers have significant ability to resist free radicals, so it is of great significance to screen out substances that can resist free radical damage and protect DNA from the treasure house of Chinese herbal medicines of the Chinese nation.

Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of the Chinese nation. Chinese herbal medicine has attracted widespread attention from all over the world due to its rich resources, unique curative effect, and few toxic and side effects. However, at present, Chinese herbal preparations in my country lack strict objective standards and norms recognized and accepted internationally. The reason is that Chinese herbal medicines are a very complex mixture, which contains hundreds of compounds. Structure Identification. How to use advanced science and technology to clarify the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine is the key to realize the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. It is applied to the research of traditional Chinese medicine, that is, after the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine are separated one by one by chromatography, and their structures are identified by mass spectrometry, it provides a promising new technology and new method for the separation and determination of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined technology has high detection sensitivity and good separation efficiency. It has been obtained in the analysis and determination of volatile oils and fatty oils with low boiling points, research on active ingredients, comparative identification of medicinal materials, and research on resource utilization. for a wide range of applications 'Na 1'. Compared with GC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) Ii-J technology has the characteristics of wide application range and lower requirements for sample processing. It is a more effective method to study the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines.

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