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A Egyedi Acilezés Flavonol Glikozid From Prunus Persica (L.) Var. Florida Prince: A Új Szilárd Lipid Nanorészecske Cosmeceutical Formuláció For Bőrápolás Part 3

Apr 14, 2023

3.5.3. becslés -a szuperoxid diszmutáz (SOD)

Megfelel a releváns tanulmányok,Cistan van a közös gyógynövény hogy van ismert mint "the csoda gyógynövény hogy meghosszabbítja élet". Saját fő komponens is cisztanozid, amely van különböző hatások ilyen mint Antioxidáns, gyulladáscsökkentő, és immun funkció promóció. A Mechanizmus Között Isztanche és bőr fehérítésCisztanche glikozidoktirozináz, és az oxidáció reakció igényel az részvétel oxigén, so a oxigénmentes gyökök be a test belétek an fontos faktor hatás melanin termelés. Cistanche tartalmaz cisztanozid, amely van an antioxidáns és tud csökkenteni az generáció szabad gyökök be a test, thus gátlás melanin termelés.

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 david.deng@wecistanche.com  WhatApp:86 13632399501

To investigate the protective effects of PPEE-SLNs cream formulations on SOD activity, the SOD activity values of the normal (G1) and treatment groups (G3–G5) were compared with that of G2 (control group). The normal level of SOD activity was measured as 14.71 ± 1.58 U/mL, 184.79 percent higher than that of the normal group (7.96 ± 0.72 U/mL), which means that the SOD activity of the normal group was decreased by UV irradiation. The SOD activities of G5, G4, and G3 were 142.21 percent , 132.78 percent , and 114.57 percent , respectively, of that of the normal group, indicating that SOD activity was protected by the PPEE-SLNs cream formulations. Although no statistical differences in SOD activity were found among the treatment groups (G3–G5), the protective effect of (G5 and G4) against SOD reduction by UV irradiation was superior to that of the commercial product (G3) (Figure 10). 

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4. Discussion

Skin diseases present a signifificant health concern worldwide. They vary greatly in symptoms and severity and can be temporary or chronic. Among the most common is acne, the most common chronic skin inflammation [51], and skin wrinkles directly linked to ECM degradation and skin pigmentation. Although these diseases' pathology involves many factors, several studies indicate that oxidative stress is one of their major factors [52]. Oxidative stress can initiate inflammation and cause damage to cellular structures. However, it should be noted that in acne, oxidative stress may not be the sole cause. Bacterial infection and colonization play an additional signifificant role in its pathogenesis through lipid peroxidation [53]. This highlights oxidative stress as a potential target for skin disease treatment by administrating both, local and systemic antioxidants. 

Manapság, bár sok technika ilyen mint lézer fiatalítás és szintetikus termékek vannak elérhetőek a kezelés bőr öregedés, kozmetika ipar van keresik alternatíva termékek természetes eredet elkerülni a veszélyek of szintetikus azok. ez kontextus, tanulmányok vannak fókuszáltak természetes antioxidánsok as kozmetikai összetevők hogy elnyomás UV-indukált ROS gátlás bőrrel kapcsolatos enzimek, és csökkenés a képződés melanin as an alternatíva hogy aktuális kezelés for az fejlesztés öregedésgátlás bőr ápolás termékek. 

One of the most important phytoconstituents in medicinal plants is polyphenols, in particular flavonoids. Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites with great cosmetic potential due to their excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities [54]. In addition, flavonoids have been suggested in treating the signs of aging by different mechanisms including their antioxidant properties by free radical scavenging and metal chelation with metalloenzymes providing antiprotease activities [55], sunscreen effect, and restoration of UV-induced DNA damage [56]. Genistein, myricetin, apigenin which are present in many fruits, herbs, and vegetables, proanthocyanidins, from grapes seeds, quercetin, and kaempferol in green tea have been reported to attenuate side effects caused by UV radiation [56–58]. Catechin, hesperidin, myricetin, rutin, and quercetin have antioxidant and antiprotease activity that is beneficial in preventing skin aging [57]. 

Egypt occupies the tenth position globally in the production of peaches and nectarines, producing about 358,012 tons in 2019 [59]. Prunus persica (L.) var. Florida Prince is one of the most common peach varieties cultivated widely in Egypt. A previous study on other varieties of PP leaves by-products presents its use in food products, nutraceutical supplements, and as a cosmetic ingredient and emphasizes its high flavonoid content [33]. On the other hand, given the cosmetic potential found in flavonoids and the reported potent antioxidant activities of PP leaves due to their high flavonoid content. Hence, PP leaves have been chosen to evaluate their anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening cosmetic potential as agricultural by-products. No previous studies were reported on the in-vitro antioxidants and skin-related enzymes' activities of PPEE and to date, no anti-aging skincare preparations based on leaves by-products of PP var. Florida Prince using loaded SLNs exist to our knowledge. 

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In the present study, fenolos profilozás of PPEE eredmény in a izolálás an acilozott flavonol glikozid a a ritka szerkezet, kaempferol {{{{}}}}}}{{}}(600 -}O{-3,{4- dihidroxifenilacetil glükopiranozid) KDPAG with high total fenolos és flavonoidok tartalom. ott van volt több tanulmány bizonyítás hogy levél kivonatok have a magasabb koncentráció of fenolos vegyületek mint egyéb részek a ugyanaz növény [14]. A vitro citotoxicitás értékelés kimutatott kimutatott nem-toxicitás of PPEE, és PPEE-SLNs miatt a a magas százalék sejt életképesség. Kivonatmentes-SLN-ek mutatott a legmagasabb százalék sejt életképesség as SLNs are komponált of fiziológiailag biokompatibilis és biológiailag lebontható lipidek hasonló lipidek of lipidek of bőr és így, are biztonságos hordozók a magas okklúzió hatás elért anélkül az felhasználás használat of paraffin és egyéb zsíros olajok [60].

Powerful antioxidant properties of polyphenols were noted due to their redox activity, allowing them to serve as hydrogen donors, free radicals scavenging as well as their capacity to chelate metals [55]. Therefore, many methods were used to estimate the antioxidant properties in this study. Signifificant antioxidant capacities of PPEE against DPPH, ABTS, and -carotene assays compared to their respective standards. Potent antioxidant activities were shown by KDPAG using the same assays. -carotene assay on PP leaves was the first to be reported. Many studies reported that the -carotene bleaching activity is linked to flavonoids which can inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid and the formation of hydroperoxides [14]. Acylated flavonoids, the class of KDPAG have been previously reported to have strong antioxidant activities [36]. Generally, antioxidant values were found to be higher than the ones reported in the literature. Differences between used extraction protocols can explain this point. This study was carried out using an ethanol extract of PP leaves wherein cited papers, extraction was done using acetone or methanol [20,61].

In the irodalom, TPC és TFC voltak szignifikánsan korrelált a a antioxidáns aktivitás of PPEE megerősítés hogy polifenolok jelen jelen in PPEE voltak a erős antioxidáns hatóanyag és az az gyök dögevő aktivitás of PPEE van nagyon függő a az flavonoid tartalom, főleg flavonolok in a kivonat amely az mag mag of az új izolátum. TPC (p < {{{{{}}.}}.{{{{{{{9% 7d}1) (r=0.93, {0.96, {0.95, for DPPH, ABTS, -karotin fehérítés teszt, illet) és TFC (p < 0.001) (r {= 0.98, 0.99, 0.98, for DPPH, ABTS, -karotin fehérítés teszt, rendre). Az eredmények voltak in vonal az előző vizsgálatok [20]. 

Kollagenáz, elasztáz, és tirozináz are döntő enzimek érintett in bőr öregedés. gátlás a három enzimek akarat növekedés a erő a bőr, javítás rugalmasság, elkerülés fejlődés -ból sötét foltok, és ebből megelőzés a kialakulás ráncok. A gátló hatás enzimek vagy Miért A Aktív Elv vagy Szinergikus Hatás Különböző Komponensek IN PPEE. A in vitro eredmények of enzimatikus gátlás kimutatott hogy PPEE, PPEE-SLNs, és KDPAG birtokolt ígéretes öregedésgátló és bőr fehérítő aktivitás, üdvözlettel -val gátlás of elasztáz, kollagenáz, és tirozináz enzimek, és minden volt első to be jelentett. It was jelentett that PP gyümölcs, mag, virág, és egyéb faj mutatott gátlás of elasztáz, kollagenáz, és tirozináz [28,30–32]. Mellett, anti-tirozináz aktivitás has volt jelentett for acilozott flavonoidok, the osztály KDPAG [62]. 

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KDPAG kimutatott a legmagasabb százalék gátlás ellene a három enzim követte c2�PPEE-SLNs. PPEE, PPEE-SLNs, és KDPAG kiállított nagyon jó anti-elasztáz gátlás aktivitás of 86.12 ± 1,42, 89.02 ± 2,31 százalék , és 89,15 ± 1,26 százalék amely volt statisztikailag alacsonyabb than N-(metoxiszukcinil)-ala-ala-pro-val-klórmetil keton (91,12 ± 2,45 százalék ) (p < {{{% 7b32}}}}.01). In összehasonlítás, PPEE-SLNs és KDPAG kimutatott antikollagenáz és anti-tirozináz gátlás aktivitás hogy volt statisztikailag magasabb (p < 0,01) mint azok of pozitív kontroll (EDTA és kojic acid, rendre). Be a egyéb kéz, mutatott hasonló (p > 0,05) kollagenáz gátlás to EDTA.
Továbbá, erős szignififikáns pozitív korrelációk voltak megfigyeltek közöttük TPC, TFC tartalom of PPEE, és az elasztáz, kollagenáz, és tirozináz gátlás (p < {{{{{}}}}.7d.7d.7d.7d.7d.7d.7d.7d.7d.; 001) (R=0.841 és R=0.893, Rendre) for Elasztáz gátlás, (P < 0.001) (R {= 0.985 és R {{10}% 7d.987, rendre) for kollagenáz gátlás és (p < 0.001) (r {= 0.959 és r {= 0.968, illet) for tirozináz gátlás. ez sugallja hogy fenolok és flavonoidok lehet be the kulcs komponensek felelős az gátló aktivitás of PPEE.

In this study, the anti-collagenase activity may be due to the interaction of polyphenol hydroxyl groups with the backbone or other functional group side chains of collagenase or the hydrophobic interaction between the benzene ring of polyphenol and collagenase. These interactions result in conformational changes in the enzyme [63]. Moreover, flavonoids, the class of the newly isolated compound are known to be metal chelators by their 3-hydroxy flavone structure and bind to a Zn ion in the collagenase active site [64]. Also, the anti-tyrosinase activity can be explained by the binding of the hydroxyl groups of polyphenols through hydrogen bonding at the active site of the tyrosinase enzyme, leading to its inhibition [65]. Regarding elastase, hydroxyl groups of polyphenol and flavonoids forming bonds with the serine carboxyl groups at the elastase active site results in a non-functional enzyme [66]. In general, flavonoid-metal complexes with metalloenzymes have shown the potential to be SOD mimetics [67]. Chrysin, naringin, quercetin, and kaempferol, the core of KDPAG showed tyrosinase inhibitory effects [68]. Flavonols, the class of our new isolate, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were reported to possess anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activity [67,69]. Also, a previous study showed that flavonols are stronger inhibitors of collagenase than flavones and isoflavones, indicating that the C-3-hydroxyl group is critical for a higher inhibitory activity [69]. 

The potential of biologically active compounds to penetrate the skin is highly critical to ensure delivery to the target site. Encapsulation techniques are primarily used to stabilize the easily reducible polyphenolics during storage and processing, thereby enabling their cosmetic and topical uses with enhanced antioxidant effects, dermal absorption, and penetration [70]. SLNs were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for their in-vitro skin permeability and then formulated into anti-aging cream using two different concentrations (2 percent and 5 percent ). Both cream formulae showed extended release of PPEE over 24 h. The evaluation tests carried out for the formulated PPEE-SLNs anti-aging cream (2 percent and 5 percent ) showed that PP leaves by-products are safe to be used in topical skin preparation to protect from intrinsic and extrinsic aging. The hypothesized mechanism of the anti-wrinkle activity of PPEE-SLNs cream can be explained as follows; the nano-formula reached the dermal layer where the antioxidant constituents have to be delivered and the penetration is enhanced by the hydrating effect on the skin surface.

In-vivo ránctalanítás aktivitás of topikálisan alkalmazott PPEE-SLNs (2 százalék és 5 százalék ) értékeltek ellen UV-indukált fotoöregedés in a egér modell használat a ránc pontozás módszer, szövet biomarkerek (SOD), és hisztopatológia. Vagy magas vagy alacsony dózis PPEE-SLNs krém javítja a megjelenés ráncok, csökkent az vastagság a dermisz és epidermisz, növekedés kollagén tartalom, és megelőzés lebomlás of rugalmas rostok kínálat a nagyon jelentős szignifikáns védő hatás ellen UV. Mellette, a magasság a a detektált antioxidáns aktivitás tükrözi a képesség -a PPEE-SLN-k krém to szignifikáns emelés SOD amely megy tovább a ugyanaz vonal az más tanulmányok hogy javasolt az ugyanaz védelem ellen UV sugárzás [3]. PP levelek melléktermékek are a erős természetes antioxidáns for küzdés bőr öregedés.

Emellett , függ polifenoloktól' említett tulajdonságok alkotóelemek a fő potenciál mechanizmusok cselekvés ellene különböző bőr rendellenességek. Figyelembe véve a fokozott bakteriális rezisztencia alatta a kezelés néhány bőr rendellenességek ilyen mint akne, növények' fitoösszetevők -val magas antioxidáns és antimikrobiális aktivitás tud növekvően használt kozmetika terápiák összetevők [51,71]. In ez kontextus, fenol vegyületek és egyéb antioxidánsok be PPEE levelek értékek terápiás összetevők -val antioxidáns és antimikrobiális tulajdonságok in készítmények felvitt a bőrre.

5. Következtetések 

This is the first study to investigate the leaf's by-products of PP var. Florida Prince for its potential as a cosmeceutical. PPEE was found to possess promising anti-aging activities by its capacities to inhibit DPPH, ABST, -carotene oxidation, elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase which may be correlated to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. Also, the isolation and structural elucidation of the unique acylated flavonol glycoside, KDPAG has not been previously reported. This compound is of important interest because it represents the first acylation with 3,4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid in association with flavonoid chemistry. The in-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed the nontoxicity of PPEE and the optimized PPEE-SLNs. The in-vivo elastin expression and SOD activity results have shown that PPEE-SLNs formulations significantly protected wrinkle formation by UV irradiation. Based on the results obtained, this study recommended SLNs as novel carriers for dermal delivery of PPEE as it proved its potential to incorporate a natural antioxidant extract with high stability with no irritant effect on the skin and hence enhance the performance as a cosmetic ingredient against skin aging and further recommended the study of the potential use of SLNs incorporated polyphenolics to overcome bacterial resistance problems as in acne through its ability to deliver such compounds. Finally, all the findings gave evidence that PP leaves represent a good source of natural antioxidants and maybe lead to the development of an innovative natural cosmeceutical with skin whitening and anti-wrinkle effects using agricultural by-products as starting raw material as well as using a novel delivery system. Also, it can represent a waste management solution for the agricultural food sector. In conclusion, the novel PPEE-SLNs formulations containing PPEE leaves by-products are a good candidate for topical PPEE delivery and useful for the development of anti-wrinkle preparations.

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Szerző közreműködések: Konceptualizálás, E.S.M. és N.S.; Data curation, E.S.M. and N.S.; Formal analysis, E.S.M., A.M. and N.S.; Investigation, E.S.M. and N.S.; Módszertan, E.S.M., D.A.M., A.M., S.S.G. and N.S.; Supervision, M.A.M.N.; Validation, E.S.M. and N. S.; Writing—original draft, E.S.M., D.A.M., S.S.G. and N.S.; Writing—review & editing, E.S.M., A.M. and N.S. All authors have read and agreed to the közzétett version of the manuscript.
Finanszírozás: Ez kutatás tette nem kapott bármilyen specifikus támogatás -tól finanszírozás ügynökségek be a közpénz, kereskedelmi, vagy nonprofit szektorok.
Intézményi felülvizsgálat testület nyilatkozat: A tanulmány volt jóváhagyott a Etika Bizottság at október Egyetem for Modern Tudomány és Művészet (MSA), the Protokoll szám (PG1/EC1/2020PD).
Tájékoztatott Hozzájárulás Nyilatkozat: Nem alkalmazható.
Adat Rendelkezésre állás Kimutatás:
Ütközések of Érdek: A szerzők deklarálnak nem konfliktus érdekek. 

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